Clear Glass

Imagine all of the windows in your home being solar panels instead of clear glass. While saving you much on your electricity bill, it would also make your house awfully dark and dreary, wouldn’t it? That is, until researchers came up with the idea of making transparent solar cells. “Traditional solar applications have been actively researched for over five decades,” Richard Lunt, associate professor of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science at MSU, told Newsweek in a 2017 interview, “yet we have only been working on these highly transparent solar cells for about five years.” Integral to the cell’s transparency was pioneering a solar technology that harvests energy from invisible light-wavelengths; thus, obviating view-obstruction. The system uses materials that catch ultraviolet and near-infrared wavelengths that are guided to the edge of the surface and converted into electricity by thin strips of photovoltaic solar cells. Because of their ultra-thin engineering, there’s potential for retrofitting them onto everything from skyscrapers to smartphones, without replacing windows and screens. Although lagging far behind their traditional, rooftop counterparts regarding energy collection efficiency – traditional panels clock in between 15%-18% whereas the transparent ultra-slims are currently orbiting somewhere around 5% – with an estimated 5-7 billion m2 of glass surface throughout the United States, that still translates into a potential 40% production of the country’s entire (!) energy demand. Lunt says he expects to see a three-fold improvement in efficiency in the not-too-distant future. That would mean that these see-through ultra-slims could come close to producing 100% of the country’s entire, yes entire, energy demand. In August of 2021, MSU got its own first installation of transparent solar cells. One hundred square feet on its Biomedical and Physical Sciences building. Enough to power the lighting in the building’s atrium, it was a modest by ambitious start.

Reading about this up-and-coming technology, brings to mind the expression that Chazal use to describe the highest level of closeness with Hashem: aspaklarya ha’meira, “the illuminating glass”. Based on Rashi in Sukkah 45b, it seems that the difference between a glass which is “illuminating” and a glass which is “not illuminating” is the difference between a transparent piece of glass versus a translucent piece of glass. The greatest tzaddikim, who are on the highest level, see Hashem, as it were, through a transparent glass which allows Hashem’s brilliance to shine upon them in all its full glory, completely unobscured. Tzaddikim that are not quite on that level, although they certainly receive an abundance of Heavenly light, it is not with the ultimate clarity of those that see with the aspaklarya ha’meira. A similar distinction is made by Chazal between aspaklarya ha’meira verus aspaklarya sheh’einah meira to explain the difference between Moshe Rabbeinu’s level of prophecy versus that of all the other prophets. Only Moshe Rabbeinu’s prophecy was on the level of the “illuminating glass” (Yevamos 49b).

The fact that one of humanity’s best bets at extracting the maximum-possible amount of energy from the sun is through panels that have no color of their own, got me thinking. We all know that Moshe Rabbeinu was the most humble person to ever walk the face of planet Earth, as the pasuk explicitly says, “And the man, Moshe was more humble than any other person (Behaaloscha 12:3)”. I once heard a shiur in which it was explained that Moshe Rabbeinu’s extreme humility was directly interrelated with his supreme level of prophecy. Because he was exposed to an awareness of Hashem – which, of course, includes the reality that everything, but everything is completely from Him – to which no other human was ever privy, he also become humbler than anyone else. These new photovoltaics, though, got me thinking that perhaps it is true that these two characteristics of Moshe Rabbeinu were intertwined, but that perhaps it was actually the other way around. Meaning, that it is not that Moshe’s supreme degree of prophecy led him to becoming the most humble man to ever walk planet Earth, but that it was his supreme humility that made him fitting to become the greatest prophet of all time. To the degree that Moshe nullified himself before the Master of the Universe – clearing away any color or shade of his own – Moshe Rabbeinu essentially fashioned himself into a piece of clear glass. A glass that is fully transparent and simply allows the brilliance of the light coming from its Source to shine through. By cleansing himself of the self-centeredness that naturally challenges man, Moshe was able to perfect his glass to the point where there was nothing left to block out the light coming from Hashem.

In this sense, life is a fascinating balance, isn’t it? On the one hand, we are supposed to have aspirations and ambitions to achieve the most we can, right? After all, what else have we been put here for? We’re supposed to do stuff, right? Indeed, the Gemara in Pesachim 68b tells us that, upon completing a thirty-day review of all of his accumulated learning, Rav Sheishes would exclaim, “Rejoice my soul, rejoice my soul! For you have I learned Tanach! For you have I learned Mishna and Gemara!” As the Gemara their explains, “When a person initially sets out to learn Torah, his primary motivation is the great sense of acquisition and satisfaction that one gains from amassing Torah knowledge and wisdom.” At the same time, though, key to our success is maintaining a cognizance of the fact that, to the extent that we manage to clean our glass by removing the self-centeredness from our hearts and thoughts, it is to that extent that we will indeed achieve our heart’s greatest desire.